As exaggeration is one of the inevitable devices in describing the warfare scenes, unlike habits or supernatural habits are the integral pillars of epic poetry. Supernatural habits in this paper consist of heavenly forces, earthly forces, human factors and magical affairs studied in Shahnameh and in several religious epics such as Heydari attacks of Bazel Mashhadi, Heydari attacks of Raji Kermani, Khavarannameh and Alinameh. The themes of this epic device are more pronounced in Shahnameh which was composed under the influence of the ancient culture of Iran than its counterparts in religious epics and in reverse, the frequency of earthly forces, human factors and magical affairs in Shahnameh are more striking.

study habits of a person determines the academic progress, therefore, this study aimed to determine study habits among students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its association with demographic characteristics, too. This descriptive-analytic study encompassed 669 students including 330 graduate students and 339 under graduate and doctoral students. The sampling method in graduate group was census, but stratified random sampling was used in another group. Data were gathered using study habit inventory questionnaire PSSHI) and then were analyzed by SPSS16 through independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The total mean score of the students’ study habits estimated 47. 38± 4. 85 that the lowest average score among the different fields was related to the scope of the taking notes (41. 85± 21. 14) and time management (42. 36± 15. 71); moreover, students in the fields of health had the lowest average in taking notes and learning motivation. There was a significant relationship between some subscales of study habits and sex, marital status, field of study, exam preparation time (P<0. 0 5), although there wasn’ t any significant relationship between study habits and living places (P>0. 05). The study habits among students studying at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences was in moderate level that was so far from an ideal level, therefore, it is recommended that principles of correct study should be considered at the initial entrance to university education.

Background and Purpose: The quality and quantity of learning are influenced by such factors as IQ, mental and physical health, motivation, environmental facilities, educational aids and technology and cognitive capabilities; however, psychologists have observed that, at least for university students, what affects educational performance for the most part are general study skills, learning and recall. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the students, study habits and to diagnose possible deficits in their skills.Methods and Materials: The present study is a cross- sectional descriptive research. 297 students were selected through converient non- probability sampling, out of the whole study population of students studying in Sabzevar school of Medical Sciences in Sabzevar, Iran in 2004 (1383). PSSHI inventory of study skills was used for data collection. The inventory contains 45 questions in eight areas divided in to time allotment, physical conditions of studying reading ability, note taking, learning motivation, memory, examinations and health. The likert- type responses were "always or often, "sometimes", "Rarely or never". Test- retest and split- half methods rendered the reliability of the questionnaire as 0.88 and 0.65 respectively. Descriptive statistics in spss were used for data analysis.Results: Mean study habit in male and female students were 50.87 and 51.48, respectively, out of 90, with no significant difference. Results for eight respective areas were as follows: time allotment 5.36 (out of 10), physical conditions 6.9 (out of 12), reading ability 8.29, (out of 16), note taking 3.2 (out of 6), learning motivation 8.55 (out of 12), memory 4.6 (out of 8), examinations 10.26 (out of18), and general health 2.94 (out of 6). Significant differences were observed across gender in reading ability, learning motivation and examinations.Conclusion: University students do not have high quality study skills and this problem should be attended by the university officials in charge of students, education. It is necessary to plan for the improvement of their study habits.

Background: One of the main purposes of educational centers is improving and developing the students' academic performances. study habits are the source of academic performance and are important in students' academic achievement. This study was done to investigate the study habits among the first and last semester students of paramedical sciences school. Methods: This present descriptive-analytical study was carried out on the students of Mashhad Paramedical Sciences School who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study population included 164 undergraduate students studying in the first and last semesters, and finally 154 questionnaires were analyzed. The data were collected using study habits questionnaire (PSSHI). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software, as well as data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency distribution) and independent T-Test. Results: In this study, the majority of the students were female (78. 9%) and they were not married (85. 4). The twelve percent of the participants were studying for the exam only during the semester, 56 (37. 3%) students in their semester break, and 76 (50. 7%) at the exam night. The mean score of study habits of students was 42 out of a maximum score 90 and was in an average level. There was also a significant relationship between the domains of study habits of students and their gender (P=0. 0001). The study condition was better for the students studying in the morning (mean 45± 10). The mean score of learning motivation in male and female students were 6. 2 and 5. 7, respectively, and the mean score of study physical condition were 7. 9 and 6. 7 out of 12, respectively. Conclusion: The study habits of the students of paramedical sciences school were at an average level, which were` far from the desired condition. Due to the importance of study habits in academic performance and academic achievement, also considering the significant effect of academic performance on a person's job and academic future, attention and planning will be essential in order to improve the students' study habits and practices.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted learning environments across the continuum of medical education. While several recent studies have highlighted educational innovations arising from the pandemic, limited literature exists describing beneficial changes that may have occurred from residents’,perspectives. The present study explored perceptions of post-graduate trainees from several specialties and highlighted educational ‘, wins’,from pandemic innovations that should inform post-pandemic practices. Methods: A qualitative instrument was developed through input from Emergency Medicine (EM) residents, faculty, and the University of Wisconsin EM Education Research and Research committees. It was disseminated via email to EM, Internal Medicine, and Surgery residents who were PGY-2 or higher at a single academic institution. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis,two raters independently coded the responses of residents and arrived at consensus. Results: Advantages of clinical reassignments included novel clinical experiences as well as the perception of contributing to a greater good. Residents noted a greater sense of meaning in their studying related to the pandemic, while also reporting greater flexibility in their options. Positive changes to didactic lectures included ease, efficiency, and comfort associated with remote lectures as well highquality visiting expert and resident presentations. Finally, key elements of the support provided by residency programs were consistent communications, provision of relevant resources, acknowledging difficulties, and replacing lost clinical experiences. Conclusions: Many innovative elements of residencies’,response to COVID-19, such as flexible scheduling and offering more opportunities for individualized learning, were well-received by trainees.

Background and Objective: Academic performance is affected by many factors. One of these factors is study habits and study skills. The present study was conducted to determine students' study habits and skills in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2013-2014.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences students who enrolled in the academic year of 2013-14. The study population was 324 subjects, but a total of 245 questionnaires were analyzed. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire and Palsane & Sharma study habits Inventory (PSSHI) and was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics and absolute and relative frequency of variables wre used. For quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation were used. Independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of different factors on study habits.Results: The mean of total score of students' study habits was 45.8 ± 11.1. Average score for girls was 46.1 ±11.4 and for boys was 45.4 ± 10.8 that was not statistically significant between the two (p=0.62, t=0.49).Comparing the different fields of study habits in both "genders", results indicated that in note-taking field (t =2.46, p=0.015) and health (p=0.028, t=2.20) girls had superiority over boys. Results showed that students who used just books or class pamphlets at the same time were in better situation and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the study habits of students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences are at the average level which is similar to other medical science universities of the country. Including a course entitled "study Skills and habits" in curriculum is recommended.

Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..